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I quote, "The authors of the new study say the fuel cuts greenhouse gas emissions by 165% compared to fossil energy."

How is this possible? Isn't 100% of anything all of it? Is there some funky math usage going on here I don't know about? If so, what does this mean?

Here's the whole thing: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56408603

The relevant sentence of the study (in the section headed "Life Cycle Analysis") states:

"This resulted in an overall carbon footprint for Fast Track VFA-SAF of -55 g CO2eq/MJ, which is 165% lower than fossil jet fuel (85 g CO2eq/MJ)."

Note that the reduction is from plus 85 g to minus 55 g. So the 165% figure seems correct.

A carbon footprint can be less than zero ('carbon negative').

Well, that explains it. Thank you for taking the time to read the actual study.

I think this means that the sentence I quote is still, if not wrong, misleading. It does say simply emissions, not "carbon footprint from production and use".